SHARH OF THE LAST SERMON OF
RASOOL (ﷺ)
FEBRUARY 15 2014/ 15 RABI AL THANI 1435 HIJRI
This sermon was delivered 10
years after Hijra.
This sermon is important
because it covers all the problems that are in the world today.
The universality of the message makes it relevant to everyone.
The Prophet (ﷺ) referred to mankind repeatedly not just the Muslims.
THIS SERMON HAS 17 POINTS THAT SHALL BE COVERED.
The Final Sermon:
After praising, and thanking God, the Prophet, may God send His praises upon him said?
“O People, lend me an attentive ear, for I know not whether after this year, I shall ever be amongst you again. Therefore, listen to what I am saying to you very carefully and take these words to those who could not be present here today.
O People, just as you regard this month, this day, and this city as Sacred, so regard the life and property of every Muslim as a sacred trust. Return the goods entrusted to you to their rightful owners. Hurt no one so that no one may hurt you. Remember that you will indeed meet your Lord,
And that He will indeed reckon your deeds. Allah has forbidden you to take usury (interest); therefore all interest obligations shall henceforth be waived. Your capital, however, is yours to keep. You will neither inflict nor suffer any
In equity. Allah has judged that there shall be no interest and that all the interest due to Abbas ibn Abd’al Muttalib shall henceforth be waived...
Beware of Satan, for the safety of your religion. He has lost all hope that he will ever be able to lead you astray in big things, so beware of following him in small things.
O People, it is true that you have certain rights with regard to your women, but they also have rights over you. Remember that you have taken them as your wives only under a trust from Allah and with His permission. If they abide by your right then to them belongs the right to be fed and clothed in kindness.
Do treat your women well and be kind to them for they are your partners and committed helpers. And it is your right that they do not make friends with any one of whom you do not approve, as well as never to be unchaste.
O People, listen to me in earnest, worship God, perform your five daily prayers, fast during the month of Ramadan, and offer Zakat. Perform Hajj if you have the means.
All mankind is from Adam and Eve. An Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab, nor does a non-Arab have any superiority over an Arab; white has no superiority over black, nor does a black have any superiority over white; [none have superiority over another] except by piety and good action.
Learn that every Muslim is a brother to every Muslim and that the Muslims constitute one brotherhood. Nothing shall be legitimate to a Muslim which belongs to a fellow Muslim unless it was given freely and willingly. Do not, therefore, do injustice to yourselves.
Remember, one day you will appear before Allah and answer for your deeds. So beware, do not stray from the path of righteousness after I am gone.
O People, No Prophet or Apostle will come after me, and no new faith will be born. Reason well, therefore, O people, and understand words which I convey to you. Leave behind me two things, the Qur’an and my example, the Sunnah, and if you follow these you will never go astray.
All those who listen to me shall pass on my words to others and those to others again; and it may be that the last ones understand my words better than those who listen to me directly. Be my witness, O God, that I have conveyed your message to your people.”
Thus the beloved Prophet completed his Final Sermon, and upon it, near the summit of Arafat, the revelation came down:
“…This day have I perfected your religion for you, completed My Grace upon you, and have chosen Islam for you as your religion…” (Quran 5:3)
This
sermon was delivered on 9th of Dhul Hijjah 10 AH, which is the 9th of March 632
C.E.
21 POINT SHARH OF THE LAST SERMON
POINT #1: IT IS HARAM TO SPEAK DURING A SERMON
“If you said to your companion ‘listen’ when the Imam is delivering the sermon on the day of Jumu’ah, then you have spoken idly (laghawt)!” [Reported by Bukhari and Muslim 851]
Many people talk during Friday kutbah, this is Haram.
Ubayy ibn Ka’b was next to me, so I said to him: “O Ubayy, when was this verse revealed?” But he refused to speak to me, so I asked him again and he refused to speak to me, so I asked him again and he refused to speak to me, until the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) came down (from the minbar). Then Ubayy said to me: “You have gained nothing from your Jumu’ah except idle talk.” When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) had finished (the prayer), I went to him and told him (what had happened). He said: “Ubayy was right. When you hear your imam speaking, then keep quiet and listen attentively until he has finished.” [Narrated by Ahmad, 20780; Ibn Maajah, 1111; classed as saheeh by al-Busayri and al-Albaani in Tamaam al-Mannah, p. 338]
So a person who speaks during the kutbah gains no reward but idle talk.
POINT #2: IT IS HARAM TO HIDE KNOWLEDGE
The rasool (ﷺ) said for
those who are absent shall be informed by those who were present.
This sermon was delivered on the mountain of Rahmah (Jabaal ar Rahmah).
Abu Hurairah (RA) reported: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "He who is asked about knowledge (of religion) and conceals it, will be bridled with a bridle of fire on the Day of Resurrection." [Sunan Abu Dawud (3/321) No. 3658, Sunan Tirmidhi (5/29) No. 2649, Sunan Ibn Majah (1/178) No. 266, Musnad Ahmad (2/263) No. 7561]
Verily, those who conceal the clear proofs, evidences and the guidance, which We have sent down, after We have made it clear for the people in the Book, they are the ones cursed by Allah and cursed by the cursers. Except those who repent and do righteous deeds, and openly declare (the truth which they concealed). These, I will accept their repentance. And I am the One Who accepts repentance, the Most Merciful. Verily, those who disbelieve, and die while they are disbelievers, it is they on whom is the Curse of Allah and of the angels and of mankind, combined (Al-Baqarah 2:159-161)
POINT #3: LIFE AND PROPERTIES OF THE MUSLIM
Rasool (ﷺ) said to
guard the life and properties of every Muslim as a sacred trust.
In our current time, Muslims
don't respect each other’s properties.
Some borrow money with the intention to not give it back.
Abu Huraira narrated the Prophet (ﷺ) said: “The one who gets married with the intention not to pay dowry to his wife is a fornicator. And the one who borrows money with the intention not to pay back is a thief.” [Ibn Hibban in ‘al-Majruheen’ (2/261) No. 941]
And eat up not one another's property unjustly (in any illegal way e.g. stealing, robbing, deceiving, etc.), nor give bribery to the rulers (judges before presenting your cases) that you may knowingly eat up a part of the property of others sinfully. (Al-Baqarah 2:188)
O you who believe! Eat not up your property among yourselves unjustly except it be a trade amongst you, by mutual consent. And do not kill yourselves (nor kill one another). Surely, Allah is Most Merciful to you. (An-Nisa 4:29)
One of the seven (7) major sins
is to steal from a orphan.
Muslims, nowadays, don't respect each other’s properties.
Abu Hurayra reported that the Prophet (ﷺ), said, "Avoid the seven fatal sins." They said, "Messenger of Allah, what are they?" He said, "Associating with Allah, sorcery, killing a soul which Allah has forbidden, except by legal right, consuming usury, consuming the property of an orphan, fleeing on the day of battle and slandering unthinking chaste believing women." [Al-Bukhari (2766) and Muslim (89)]
POINT #4: YOU SHOULD RETURN AMANAH
If some lends you something,
return it back.
Return it in the same condition as you received it.
People today don't like to return amanah.
Verily! Allah commands that you should render back the trusts to those, to whom they are due; and that when you judge between men, you judge with justice. Verily, how excellent is the teaching which He (Allah) gives you! Truly, Allah is Ever All Hearer, All Seer. (An-Nisa 4:58)
Prophet (ﷺ) said the one who can't be trusted has no deen.
Anas Ibn Malik (RA) narrated the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) has never preached us without saying: "There is no faith for the one who has no amanah (trust) and no religion for the one who does not keep his promises." [Musnad Ahmad (3/135) No. 12406, al-Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi (9/387) No. 18851]
POINT #5: NO HARMING SO NO RECIPROCATING HARMING
Do not harm anyone so you will
not be harmed in return.
The rasool (ﷺ) did not want any violence to escalate.
It was related on the authority of Abu Sa'id Sa'd bin Malik bin Sinan al-Khudri (RA) that the Messenger of Allah (sas) said: "There should be neither harming nor reciprocating harm." [Ibn Majah, Al-Daraqutni and others related as of sound isnad]
If people of today just abide by this sermon, there would be no current day fitnah.
Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Amr: The Prophet said, "A Muslim is the one who avoids harming Muslims with his tongue and hands. And a Muhajir (emigrant) is the one who gives up (abandons) all what Allah has forbidden." [Sahih Bukhari Vol: 1 Book 2 Hadith 9]
To be a Muslim, other Muslims need to be safe from your tongue and hands.
Narrated Abdullah ibn Mas'ud: Allah's Messenger (peace be upon him) said, "Allah Most High has allotted you your characters just as He has allotted you your provisions. Allah Most High gives worldly things to those whom He loves and those whom He does not love, but He gives religion only to those whom He loves, so he who is given religion by Allah has been loved by Him. By Him in Whose hand my soul is, a man is not a Muslim till his heart and tongue are submissive, and he is not a believer till his neighbour is safe from injurious behaviour on his part." {Ahmad and Bayhaqi, in Shu'ab al-Iman transmitted it. - Al-Tirmidhi, Number 1292}
POINT #6: ALWAYS REMEMBER THE DAY OF JUDGEMENT
Always remember you shall
return to your Allah الله سبحانه وتعالى.
Allah الله سبحانه وتعالى swears by the Judgement Day in the Qur’an.
I swear by the Day of Resurrection; And I swear by the self-reproaching person (a believer). Does man (a disbeliever) think that We shall not assemble his bones? Yes, We are Able to put together in perfect order the tips of his fingers. Nay! (Man denies Resurrection and Reckoning. So) he desires to continue committing sins. He asks: "When will be this Day of Resurrection?" So, when the sight shall be dazed, And the moon will be eclipsed, And the sun and moon will be joined together (by going one into the other or folded up or deprived of their light, etc.) (Al-Qiyamah 75:9) On that Day man will say: "Where (is the refuge) to flee?" No! There is no refuge! (Al-Qiyamah 75:1-11)
POINT #7: STAY AWAY FROM RIBA (INTEREST)
Riba makes the rich richer and the poor poorer.
IMF ruins countries by lending
money to countries with interest.
These countries are forever in debt trap.
Allah will destroy Riba
(usury) and will give increase for Sadaqat (deeds of charity, alms, etc.) And
Allah likes not the disbelievers, sinners. (Al-Baqarah 2:276)
Economic Hit Man: IMF TARGET THE ECONOMY OF OTHER NATIONS: Click me
Occupy Wall Street movement is
all over the world now. They protest against the rich who are tied to riba.
People
are fed up of the capitalist ripping off others.
Abu Huraira reported
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said:
"Riba has seventy segments, the least serious being equivalent to a man
committing adultery with his own mother." [Sunan Ibn Majah (3/337) No.
2274 and Mustadrak al-Haakim (2/43) No. 2259]
POINT #8: AVOID SATAN'S WEB
Satan has lost hope to lead you
astray in big things.
He will mainly focus on little things
Did I not ordain for you, O Children of Adam, that you should not worship Shaitan (Satan). Verily, he is a plain enemy to you. And that you should worship Me [Alone Islamic Monotheism, and set up not rivals, associate-gods with Me]. That is a Straight Path. And indeed he (Satan) did lead astray a great multitude of you. Did you not, then, understand? (Ya-Sin 36:60-62)
POINT #9: THE RIGHTS OF HUSBAND AND WIFE OVER EACH OTHER
Divorce is rife in the current ummah due to the fact that
couples don't know their rights over each other.
“Oh, my servants! I have made oppression haraam (forbidden) upon myself, and also between you. So do not oppress each other...." [Sahih Muslim, Hadith #6246]
Men are in charge of women by [right of] what Allah has given one over the other and what they spend [for maintenance] from their wealth... (An-Nisa 4:34) [Sahih International]
POINT #10: BE KIND TO WOMEN
Abu Huraira (RA) reported: Woman has been created from a rib and will in no way be straightened for you; so if you wish to benefit by her, benefit by her while crookedness remains in her. And if you attempt to straighten her, you will break her, and breaking her is divorcing her. [Sahih Muslim, Book 8, Hadith #3467]
Abu Huraira (RA) reported the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Take my advice with regard to women: Act kindly towards women, for they were created from a rib, and the most crooked part of a rib is its uppermost. If you attempt to straighten it; you will break it, and if you leave it alone it will remain crooked; so act kindly toward women." [Trans Sahih Al-Bukhari Vol: 4 Book 60 Hadith 3331 and Muslim (1468]
Abu Huraira (RA) reported
that Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "The most perfect of believers
in belief is the best of them in character. The best of you are those who are
the best to their women." [Musnad Ahmad (2/472) No. 10110, Sunan Tirmidhi
(3/466) No. 1162, Sunan Abu Dawud (4/220) No. 4682]
POINT #11: SAFE GUARD THE 5 PILLARS OF ISLAM
On
the authority of Abdullah, the son of Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA), who said: I
heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say, "Islam has been built on five
[pillars]: testifying that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah and
that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, establishing the salah (prayer),
paying the zakat (obligatory charity), making the hajj (pilgrimage) to the
House, and fasting in Ramadan."{It was related by al-Bukhari and Muslim}
POINT #12: MANKIND IS EQUAL
There is no room for racism, tribalism, and nationalism because
mankind is equal.
O mankind! We have created you from a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes, that you may know one another. Verily, the most honourable of you with Allah is that (believer) who has At-Taqwa [i.e. one of the Muttaqun (pious - see V.2:2). Verily, Allah is All-Knowing, All-Aware. (Al-Hujurat 49:13)
Saeed al-Jurairi narrated Abi Naddra told me of a sermon he heard from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) in middle during the Days of Tashreeq said: “O people, your Lord is One and your father [i.e., Adam] is one. There is no superiority of the Arab over the non-Arab or of the non-Arab over the Arab or of the red over the black or of the black over the red – except with regard to taqwa...” [Musnad Ahmad (5/411) No. 23536]
POINT #13: ALL MUSLIMS ARE BROTHERS
The believers are nothing else than brothers (in Islamic religion). So make reconciliation between your brothers, and fear Allah, that you may receive mercy. (Al-Hujurat 49:10)
The believers, men and women, are Auliya' (helpers, supporters, friends, protectors) of one another, they enjoin (on the people) Al-Ma'ruf (i.e. Islamic Monotheism and all that Islam orders one to do), and forbid (people) from Al-Munkar (i.e. polytheism and disbelief of all kinds, and all that Islam has forbidden); they perform As-Salat (Iqamat-as-Salat) and give the Zakat, and obey Allah and His Messenger. Allah will have His Mercy on them. Surely Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise. (At-Tawbah 9:71)
Muslims don't allow any isms or schims come between brotherhood.
Narrated by An-Nu'man bin Bashir: The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “The likeness of the believers in their mutual love, mercy and compassion is that of one body; when one part of it suffers, the rest of the body joins it in staying awake and suffering fever.” [Al-Bukhaari (6011) and Muslim (2586)]
POINT #14: STAY AWAY FROM DEVIANT GROUPS
The rasool (ﷺ) said stick to the Quran and my Sunnah.
Abu Musa (RA) reported: ‘Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, “The relationship of the believer with another believer is like (the bricks of) a building, each strengthens the other.” He (ﷺ) illustrated this by interlacing the fingers of both his hands.’ [Al-Bukhari (481) and Muslim (2585)]
Don't deviate from it.
But they (men) have broken their religion among them into sects, each group rejoicing in its belief. (Al-Mu'minun 23:53)
“The Jews split into seventy-one sects; one will be in Paradise (i.e., those who followed Moses) and seventy will be in the Fire. The Christians split into seventy-two sects; seventy-one will be in the Fire and one will be in Paradise (i.e., those who followed Jesus). And by the One in Whose Hand is the soul of Muhammad, this Ummah (nation) of mine will split into seventy-three sects; one will be in Paradise and seventy-two will be in the Fire. It was asked, “Who are they, O Messenger of Allah?” He (peace be upon him) said, “Al-Jama’ah (i.e., the group which adheres steadfastly to the way of the Prophet, (ﷺ), and his Companions).” And in another narration:” (Those who follow) what I and my Companions are following.”[The hadeeth is Hasan and is reported by at-Tirmidhee (no. 2643), Ibn Waddaah in al-Bid’ah (p. 85), al-Aajurree in ash-Sharee’ah (p. 15) and in al-Arba’een, al-Haakim (1/128-129), Ibn Nasr in as-Sunnah (no. 62), al-Laalikaa’ee in as-Sunnah (no. 147), Ibn al-Jawzee in Talbees Iblees (p. 16) and al-‘Uqailee in ad-Du’afaa’ (2/262) from the hadeeth of ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Amr (radhiAllahu ‘anhu].
POINT #15: THERE WILL BE NO PROPHET AFTER MUHAMMAD (ﷺ)
Muhammad (ﷺ) is not the father of any man among you, but he is the Messenger of Allah and the last (end) of the Prophets. And Allah is Ever All Aware of everything. (Al-Ahzab 33:40)
Muhammad (ﷺ) will be
the final prophet; no one else will come as a Prophet.
And there will be no new religion. Islam is the first religion and the last
religion.
Muhammad (ﷺ) is not the father of any man among you, but he is the Messenger of Allah and the last (end) of the Prophets. And Allah is Ever All Aware of everything. (Al-Ahzab 33:40)
Abu Hurairah (RA) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “My likeness and the likeness of the prophets before me is the likeness of a person who built a house, made it beautiful and made it complete, except the place of a stone in the corner. So people began to go round and to wonder at him and say: ‘Why have you not placed this stone?’ I am that stone and I am Khatam an-Nabiyyin (the Seal of the Prophets)". [Al-Bukhari (3535) and Muslim (2286)]
POINT #16: THE OBLIGATION OF GIVING DAWAH
Let there arise out of you a group of people inviting to all that is good (Islam), enjoining Al-Ma'ruf (i.e. Islamic Monotheism and all that Islam orders one to do) and forbidding Al-Munkar (polytheism and disbelief and all that Islam has forbidden). And it is they who are the successful. (Aali Imran 3:104)
The rasool (ﷺ) said
that those who are present shall inform those who are absent.
You should proclaim even if you only know a single verse.
Abdullah ibn Amr (RA) reported that Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said, Convey from me (to the absent) even one verse. And narrate from the Banu Isra’il there is no harm in that. If anyone lies about me deliberately then let him take his seat in Hell.” [Tirmidhi 2678, Ahmed 6496, Bukhari 3461]
POINT #17: NO ONE IS ABOVE THE LAW
Rasool (ﷺ) called
his uncles name and said anyone who owe him money plus interest, only pay the
capital.
Because no one is above the Shariah law
Your high status in society doesn't mean you are above the shariah law.
'A'isha reported that Quraysh was concerned with the case of the Makhzumia woman who had stolen something and they said, "Who will speak to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) about her?" They said, "Who is bold enough to do it except Usama ibn Zayd, the beloved of the Messenger of Allah?" Usama spoke to him and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "How can you intercede when it is a case of one of the legal punishments of Allah Almighty?" Then he stood up and spoke and said, "Those before you were destroyed because when a noble among them stole, they let him be, but when the weak among them stole, they carried out the legal punishment on them. By Allah, if Fatima the daughter of Muhammad were to steal, I would cut off her hand." [Al-Bukhari (3475) and Muslim (1688)]
POINT #18: WOMEN HAVE THE RIGHT TO FINANCIAL MAINTENANCE IF SHE OBEYS HER HUSBAND
So if a woman disobeys her
husband, she forfeits her right to financial support.
If a man doesn't financially support his wife, he forfeits it his right for
intercourse.
Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because Allah has made one of them to excel the other, and because they spend (to support them) from their means. Therefore the righteous women are devoutly obedient (to Allah and to their husbands), and guard in the husband's absence what Allah orders them to guard (e.g. their chastity, their husband's property, etc.). As to those women on whose part you see ill conduct, admonish them (first), (next), refuse to share their beds, (and last) beat them (lightly, if it is useful), but if they return to obedience, seek not against them means (of annoyance). Surely, Allah is Ever Most High, Most Great. (An-Nisa 4:34)
Men are in charge of women by [right of] what Allah has given one over the other and what they spend [for maintenance] from their wealth... (An-Nisa 4:34) [Sahih International]
POINT #19: THE SUNNAH IS HUJJAH
The Sunnah is evidence, so the Prophet (ﷺ) said he is leaving behind the Qur’an and his Sunnah.
Say (O Muhammad ﷺ to mankind) : "If you (really) love Allah then follow me (i.e. accept Islamic Monotheism, follow the Qur'an and the Sunnah), Allah will love you and forgive you of your sins. And Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful." (Aali Imran 3:31)
Muslims should stick to those
two sources.
If you follow them, you will never go astray.
With clear signs and Books (We sent the Messengers). And We have also sent down unto you (O Muhammad ﷺ) the reminder and the advice (the Qur'an), that you may explain clearly to men what is sent down to them, and that they may give thought. (An-Nahl 16:44)
Nor does he speak of (his own) desire. It is only an Inspiration that is inspired (An-Najm 53:3-4)
And whatsoever the Messenger (Muhammad ﷺ) gives you, take it, and whatsoever he forbids you, abstain (from it), and fear Allah. Verily, Allah is Severe in punishment. (Al-Hashr 59:7)
POINT #20: MAKKAH IS A SACRED CITY
And (remember) when Ibrahim (Abraham) said, "My Lord, make this city (Makkah) a place of security and provide its people with fruits, such of them as believe in Allah and the Last Day." He (Allah) answered: "As for him who disbelieves, I shall leave him in contentment for a while, then I shall compel him to the torment of the Fire, and worst indeed is that destination!" (Al-Baqarah 2:126)
Makkah is a sacred city because
of the dua of Ibrahim (AS).
Makkah is sacred so is the properties of your brothers/sisters and their lives are sacred.
Have they not seen that We have made (Makkah) a sanctuary secure, and that men are being snatched away from all around them? Then do they believe in Batil (falsehood - polytheism, idols and all deities other than Allah), and deny (become ingrate for) the Graces of Allah? (Al-'Ankabut 29:67)
POINT #21: HE MUHAMMED (ﷺ) CONVEYED THE MESSAGE AND DID NOT CONCEAL ANYTHING FROM IT
As soon as the sermon was over, Allah ( الله سبحانه وتعالى) revealed ayah 3 from surah 5.
This day, I have perfected your religion for you, completed My Favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion. But as for him who is forced by severe hunger, with no inclination to sin (such can eat these above-mentioned meats), then surely, Allah is Of Forgiving, Most Merciful. (Al-Ma'idah 5:3)
She added: "And whoever tells you that he concealed (some of Allah's orders), is a liar." Then she recited: 'O Apostle! Proclaim (the Message) which has been sent down to you from your Lord...' (5.67) 'Aisha added. "But the Prophet saw Gabriel in his true form twice." [Sahih Bukhari, Vol 6, Book 60, Hadith #378]
One of the hardest things for the Prophet (ﷺ) was to marry Zainab bint Jaysh (RAA).
But he did not conceal
anything.
He didn't want to marry her.
But Allah ( الله سبحانه وتعالى)
commanded him to do so.
So Muhammad (ﷺ) went
forward with the marriage.
So you are allowed to marry the wife of your stepson.
This
was the most difficult verse for the Prophet (ﷺ) to
practice.
