بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
THE SHARH OF BULUGH AL MARAM:
(THE 7 TYPES OF PURIFYING WATER)
06 January 2013
Book 1 Chapter 1 (Water) page 18 [PDF]
وعن أبي سعيد الخدري - رضي الله عنه - قال: قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم «إن الماء طهور لا ينجسه شيء» أخرجه الثلاثة وصححه أحمد
2. Abi Sa'id al-Khudri (RAA), narrated that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Water is Tahur (i.e. pure in itself and it purifies other things) and nothing defiles it" [Related by the three Imams, and Ahmad graded it as Sahih (authentic)]
وعن أبي أمامة الباهلي - رضي الله عنه - قال: قال رسول - صلى الله عليه وسلم «إن الماء لا ينجسه شيء, إلا ما غلب على ريحه وطعمه, ولونه». أخرجه ابن ماجه وضعفه أبو حاتم.
3. Narrated Abu Umamah al-Bahili (RAA): Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Water is not defiled by anything, except for what changes (affects) its smell, taste or color." [Related by Ibn Majah, but declared weak by Abu Hatim]
وللبيهقي: «الماء طاهر إلا إن تغير ريحه, أو طعمه, أو لونه; بنجاسة تحدث فيه».
4. Imam al-Baihaqi reported (through his chain of
narrators):
"Water is Tahur except when its smell, taste or odor is changed by a Najasah, which affects it."
5. Abu Sa’eed al-Khudri (RA) narrated that someone asked: O Messenger of Allah, should we do wudoo’ from Bi’r Budaa’ah (a well)? It is a well in which menstrual rags, the flesh of dogs and rotten things are thrown. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Water is a means of purification and nothing makes it impure.” [Sunan Abu Dawud (1/17) No. 66, Sunan Tirmidhi (1/95-96) No. 66, Sunan al-Nasa'i (1/174) No. 326, Musnad Ahmad (3/86) No. 11836]
Women used to throw their sanitary towels in a well and
people used to use that water for wudhu
-so they asked the Prophet (ﷺ) about it
-however, people didn't throw the flesh of dogs and
sanitary pads deliberately
-they threw the pads somewhere else
-but the rains wash these impurities into the well
-so this never happened (that they threw the pads in the
well)
-when the rained washed the impurities into the well
-that was when they asked the rasul (ﷺ) about it
-this is a general hadith
3. Narrated Abu Umamah al-Bahili (RAA): Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Water is not defiled by anything, except for what changes (affects) its smell, taste or color." [Related by Ibn Majah, but declared weak by Abu Hatim]
4. Imam al-Baihaqi reported (through his chain of narrators): "Water is Tahur except when its smell, taste or odor is changed by a Najasah, which affects it."
So if you have water and impurities go inside of it,
-you are not allowed to avoid using it unless its odour
changes but the water is classified as contaminated water, unfit for drinking
and wudhu
-when the odour, colour or taste changes
So according to usool ul fiqh when you have 2 hujjah that
are conflicting
-One is general and the other specific
-you take the hujjah from the one that is specific
وعن عبد الله بن عمر - رضي الله عنهما - قال: قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم «إذا كان الماء قلتين لم يحمل الخبث». وفي لفظ: «لم ينجس». أخرجه الأربعة, وصححه ابن خزيمة. وابن حبان والحاكم
5. 'Abdullah Ibn 'Umar' (RAA) narrated that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Any amount of water that is sufficient to fill two pitchers, is not easily contaminated by impurity (Najasah)" [Another narration says: "'It does not become impure"] [Related by the four Imams Ibn Khuzaimah al-Hakim and Ibn Hibban graded it as Sahih]
Whenever water is in huge quantity, it is not easily
contaminated
-the minimum threshold is Qullatain which the scholars say
is equal to 2 pots
-2 pots of water is equal to 270L
-or 71 USA gallons or 59 UK gallons
THE 7 TYPES OF PURIFYING WATER
Purifying water is water that is fit for Wudhu, Ghusl
1. RAIN WATER
2. SEA WATER
3. RIVER WATER
4. WELL WATER
5. SPRING WATER
6. SNOW WATER
7. HAIL WATER
These waters remain in the pure form Allah created them
-and these are what the Prophet meant by water is
intrinsically pure
-and nothing contaminates it
Then he said you are not allowed to render water impure
-until it develops an odour, color or smell
-because najasa (impurity) fell in it
Water is of three types in regard to its level of purity
1. THE PURIFYING WATER
-This is the water that remains in its pure form Allah
created it
-and it was not mixed with any other substance
2. THE PURE WATER
-Water mixed with a pure substance
-e.g. mixed with sugar and lime and it became lemonade
-water mixed with orange juice is called pure water
-but it is haraam to use for wudhu and ghusl
-only purifying water can be used for this
-water that remains in its pure state
3. CONTAMINATED WATER
-Water that is mixed with an impure substance
-it is not suitable for wudhu or ghusl, and is haraam to
drink
-Islamic scholars say the foremost water that should be in
our minds
-is the river water and the spring water
-these cannot be contaminated easily
-this is when you read the hadith * water is naturally
pure*
-this is what should come to mind
-the river and spring water
-The fuqahaa agree if impurities fall in water
-it does not have to develop all three signs to render the
water to impure
-One sign is sufficient to render the water impure
-these are the three signs:
odour, colour & taste
-One of these signs is sufficient to render the water
contaminated
-the fuqahaa agree; any amount of water large or small is
pure
-even if impurities drop in it
-if it does not have any of the three signs present
4. Imam al-Baihaqi reported (through his chain of narrators): "Water is Tahur except when its smell, taste or odor is changed by a Najasah, which affects it."
Imaam Shaafi & Imaam Ahmad stated that
- If the water is less than 270 litres and impurities drop
in it
- You are OBLIGED to render it contaminated
- If the water is 270 litres and above
- And impurities drop in it
- And it did not develop one of the 3 signs (i.e. odour,
colour, taste)
- You have to render the water PURE
- Hence 270 litres is the threshold
- And considered a large enough body of water which is
capable of fighting impurities
- The rasul (ﷺ) also mentioned the 270 litres amount
THE LEFTOVERS OF PEOPLE AND ANIMALS
1. The leftovers of people's food and drink is considered pure
- Even if the person who ate and drank from the container
was a kaafir
- Because a kaafir's impurities are 'spiritual'
- And none of the 4 Great Imaams said it was haraam
- To use a kaafir woman as a wet nurse of a Muslim child
- This was with concern to passing on 'personality' to the
child
- She became a wet nurse for
2. The leftover water of a Cat
- This is considered pure
- And it is suitable for wudhu & ghusl
3. The leftover of the Fowl
- If the fowl is caged, the leftover is PURE
- If the fowl is let loose, the leftover is rendered Makrooh
4. The leftover of Halaal animals like Sheep, Goats, Cows, Camels, Horses
- The Fuqahaa rendered the leftovers of these 5 animals as
pure
- suitable for wudu & ghusl because these animals are halaal to eat
5. The leftovers Mules and Donkeys
- The Fuqahaa have rendered the leftovers of Mules and Donkeys as Makrooh because Donkeys are haraam to eat
6. The leftovers of Dogs
- The Fuqahaa have rendered the leftovers of dogs as haraam
because the water is contaminated
- hence wudhu & ghusl in such water would be baatil
- when the dog licks your pots
- you have to wash it SEVEN TIMES
- THE FIRST TIME with dirt
It was narrated from Abu Huraira that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "If a dog licks the vessel of any one of you, let him wash it seven times, the first time with dust." [Sahih Muslim (1/234) No. 279, Sunan al-Nasa'i (1/177) No. 338, Musnad Ahmad (2/427) No. 9507]
- If the dog's saliva should drip on your trousers
- it is haram to pray in those trousers
7. The leftovers of Pigs
- The Fuqahaa have rendered the leftovers of the pig as
contaminated water
- therefore it is haram to use it for Wudhu or Ghusl
- rendering Salaah baatil
- Whenever water is rendered contaminated
- It is haram to use if for drinking or ibadaat (wudhu
& ghusl)
- However this contaminated water can be used for Aadaat
- Aadaat = cultural habits of the people
- e.g. can be used for washing buildings, cars, etc
- but NOT for wudhu & ghusl
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